The following article has been excerpted from Fiske WordPower By: Edward B. Fiske, Jane Mallison, and Margery Mandell  Have you ever learned a new word and then immediately seen or heard it again? Let’s say you just learned exotic (“out of the ordinary”) and within a week you see an ad for “exotic tropical fruit drinks,” hear someone talk about “traveling to exotic places,” and find a reference in a history text to the fact that in the eighteenth century the English considered Italian opera “exotic” entertainment.” Spooky? Mystical? Weird? Not really.

The universe didn’t suddenly thrust those words in your path to reward you for your new knowledge. No, it’s the other way around—you noticed the word because you’d just learned it. (The same phenomenon occurs when people plan to buy, say, a used car or an engagement ring. Suddenly their worldview becomes newly aware that some cars have two doors and some have four, that Aunt Tilda has a huge pear-shaped diamond.) In short, you’re developing what we call strong verbal antennae, an ability to sense what you earlier ignored. These antennae will be your new best friends. If writers are, as novelist Henry James suggested, people “on whom nothing is lost,” then alpha students of vocabulary are people on whom no word is lost. If you see it, learn it. If you hear it, learn it. If you learn it, use it.

The system in this book is designed to help you fully learn the one thousand words inside. However, there are many things you can, and should, do to make the process easier as well as to learn new words that aren’t even in this book.

Rule #1: Get the proper tools.
No wordsmith worthy of the name will be without a good dictionary—or maybe even dictionaries. If it’s possible, have several—one at home, one at school or in your workplace, and maybe even a portable dictionary to carry with you so you can check a meaning whenever you come across a word that pleases you.

Rule #2: Don’t be shy.
If someone uses a word you don’t know, ask what it means. When the father of your best friend says he’s tired of hearing people pontificate, you can quickly learn that it means “speaking in a preachy manner.” No, people won’t think you’re stupid for asking; they’ll feel good about teaching you something.

Rule #3: Find a way to capture those exotic new words.
Maybe you’ll carry a small notebook with you and jot them down quickly. If you prefer an electronic device, that’s fine too. Just don’t let them get away. Then, be sure to follow through with the next step—learning the meaning of your new words. (See the box on pages 6 to 8 for some suggestions to make this process easier.)

Rule #4: Consider the possibility of a study buddy.
If you know someone who’s also motivated to build his or her vocabulary, ask that person to study with you. The same principle that has made Weight Watchers successful for dieters can build your word power. Studying with another person can keep you motivated and make practicing the recommended techniques more fun. For example, your fellow Word Watcher may know some of the words on your list (see Rule #2), saving you the effort of looking them up; similarly, your partner can share his or her list of new words with you.

Rule #5: Employ interstitial learning.
This fancy adjective refers to “space between cracks,” in this case, small spaces of time. Study whenever you have a small bit of time. You’ll be amazed how studying whenever you have a little bit of time can add up. A successful book for students in graduate school is called Writing Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day. If someone a little older than you can write a long scholarly treatise using such a method, you can build your vocabulary in even smaller units of time. So however silly it may initially feel, get out that list, those cards (see Rule #6 below), while you’re waiting for the bus or sitting in the dentist’s waiting room. Your new bits of knowledge will add up quickly.

Rule #6: Different techniques.
Try several techniques for getting newly noticed words into your memory, into your vocabulary. Learning styles differ from person to person, and you’ll be able to determine fairly quickly what works best for you.

Flash Cards: A system of flash cards (3" x 5") with one word per card, definition on the back of the card, offers little in novelty, but its familiarity doesn’t cancel out its effectiveness. Your ever-growing pack can fit in your bookbag or your pocket, readily available at a moment’s notice.

Silly Sentences. Make up sentences using your new words, the sillier the better. These are even more fun if you’re learning words in a partnership. You’ll both remember the day you asked Max if he had done any ancillary reading, and after only a brief pause, he slyly replied, “Oh, yes, an egregious amount.” (ancillary = extra, egregious = outstandingly bad)

Story Time. Think about expanding the sentence idea into the writing of a little story. You don’t have to write it down. You can just run it through your head while you’re brushing your teeth. Take twenty words you’re trying to master and see how many you can use in retelling, say, an old fairy tale or the plot of a movie you just saw. Little Red Riding Hood will find herself in an umbrageous (shaded) area with a nefarious (wicked) wolf waiting to accost (suddenly speak to) her. Or, the virile (manly) actor will be planning to avenge (get revenge for) the wrong done to his pulchritudinous (beautiful) sister. What happens next in each of these scenarios? What new words can you use to build the plot?

Mnemonic Devices. Employ mnemonic devices (memory tricks) whenever they come to you. If you fix ravenous (very hungry) in your head by thinking of some really hungry black birds, no representative of the Word Police is going to come arrest you for ignoring the fact that the adjective doesn’t come from the name of the bird. Don’t censor your silly associations; if they walk into your mind, they’ll help you remember. Watch that saturnine (gloomy) man get into his Saturn and be unhappy that he’s out of gas!

Root Words. While your mnemonic devices can float free of the root meanings of words, do help yourself another way by building some knowledge in this area. For example, if you learn that “pli” is a root referring to bending or folding (think “two-ply” tissues”), then you’ve smoothed the road to learning implicate, explicate, implicit, explicit, complicate, supplication, pliant, and some other “pli” cousins. If you’re lucky enough to have experience with a foreign language such as Latin, Spanish, or French in your present or your past, you can make strong connections with words you’ve learned in that area.

Prefixes and Suffixes. Similarly, mastering some basic prefixes and suffixes can help. If you know that “a” at the start of many words means “absence of” (think of amoral—absence of morals—or apathy—absence of feelings), you’ll be ready to make some informed guesses. (If I approach the world in an ahistorical manner, am I a dedicated student of the past?) Likewise, if I think how insecticide kills insects, I’m set up to conquer homicide, fratricide, genocide, and regicide (killing of a person, a brother, a group of people related in some way, a king).

Read. Read. Read. Read. We can’t say it too many times. (Read.) Just as runners training for a marathon fare better if they start their training early, those who’ve been dedicated readers for several years have automatically deposited lots of words and their contexts into their personal memory banks. Those lucky people may not need to do any formal vocabulary study at all. But it’s never too late to start. Read in a mindful way, trying to guess at the meaning of the unfamiliar words you see. If you read “The exhausted parent yelled at the fractious child,” you know that “fractious” doesn’t mean “cute” or “sweet” or “smart”! Some readers like to look up words they can’t guess at as they go along in their reading. Others find that process disruptive and choose to jot down the words and look them all up later. See which is best for you.


Rule #7: Use this book.
Use it on its own. Use it in connection with your dictionary. Use it to practice many of the rules and techniques described above. We hope this book will expand your verbal worldview. You may already know many of the words in this book well; others you may find familiar but be uncertain of their meanings; still others may sound completely, well, exotic. By providing you with one thousand useful words, we hope to help you develop world-class antennae for words. You’ll pay more attention to them when you come across them in books or magazines or newspapers or when you hear them in conversations. Learning of the word history of many of these words and seeing them all displayed in sentences will help you not only to remember them but to use them as well.

You’re lifting words off the arid (dry) page and planting them in your own private garden plot of words. In short, you’re claiming these words, marking them as your own through the techniques that help you learn them. You’re ready to look at our suggested study plan (see page 12) and to plunge into the first of the three major divisions of the book: Consciousness, Competence, and Mastery.

So, congratulate yourself on beginning your learning, whatever your motives may be. As an ideal we hope to nudge you toward being thrilled to learn, say, that “nice” originally meant “ignorant” or that a “bonfire” was once “a fire of bones” or that “struthious” means “pertaining to ostriches.” But we’re English teachers and lifelong logophiles (lovers of words). For now we’re content that you’re becoming a student of words, that you’ve taken the first step towards nurturing a thriving vocabulary.

Okay, enough pontificating. On the next page you’ll see an impromptu (“pop”) quiz, one where you can test yourself on the words you learned almost accidentally while reading this section of the book. We used more than twenty-five words that, by our guess, you may not have already known. If you were waving those antennae about as you read, we’re betting you learned a few, maybe several. Did you? If so, think about what made these words stick in your mind. If you can do a little analysis of this sort, you’re beginning to understand how you learn words, and that understanding gives you a head start at continuing to build your word power.


QUIZ

Remember you’re strongly interested here in how you learned these words, however many or few that may be. Consider learning in a separate study session all those you didn’t learn the first time around. Answers for all quizzes in this book can be found in the back of the book.